ABSTRACT
Uterine leiomyosarcomas are rare aggressive tumors, with high recurrence rates, even when confined to the uterine corpus at the time of diagnosis. It arises from smooth muscle of uterus and is a rare tumor that accounts for 2-5% of all uterine malignancies. These tumors typically spread hematogenously. Patients present with vague symptoms similar to those of patients with leiomyomas. Most patients are diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma postoperatively. Although prognosis remains dismal, various ongoing studies are investigating the role of advanced imaging, multimodality treatment, prognostic nomograms, and unique biomedical pathways to increase understanding of leiomyosarcoma and improve therapeutic options for patients. 46 years old para2 live2 postmenopausal (since 1.5 year) female presented to outpatient clinic with complaints of bleeding per vaginum, foul smelling discharge, unquantified weight loss and something coming out of vagina since 1.5 months. On abdominal examination, an irregular midline mass arising from pelvis corresponding to 20 weeks gestational size of uterus was present. On vaginal examination, 3 infected vaginal growths were present in vagina maximum 4x4cm. Intra-operatively, uterus was nearly 20 weeks size with irregular surface. A 3×3 cm subseroal fibroid with necrotic surface was present on posterior wall of uterus. Cut section of the operative specimen showed myohyperplasia which was compressing the uterine cavity, some necrotic areas were also present. Vaginal growths - 4×4 cm on left vaginal wall near introitus with necrotic surface, 3×3 cm on right vaginal wall, 1×1 cm on right upper vaginal wall present. Excision of vaginal growth was done and was sent for histopathology. Histopathologic examination of sections of uterus showed all features were suggestive of leiomyosarcoma uterus.
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), have common modes of transmission. Globally, sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates are the highest among population subgroups such as sex workers. Objective is to - (i) Study of Hepatitis B infections and HIV infection in female sex workers (ii) Co-infection rate of HBV and HIV among this population (iii) Simultaneous comparision of infection HBV and HIV infection in healthy female population(blood donar). Methodology: This study was conducted in the department of microbiology IGGMC Nagpur from October 2014 to August 2015. Their sera were tested for the HBsAg and HIV antibodies. Results: A total 400 samples were tested (200 samples of female sex workers and 200 samples of healthy female blood donors. The seropositivity of HBV in FSWs is 1.5% and of HIV is 2%, none of FSWs were coinfected with both the infections. That of healthy female donors HBV prevalence is 0.5% and HIV is also 0.5% similarly none were coinfected with both the infections. Conclusion: The prevalence of Hepatitis-B virus infection and HIV infection is low among the female sex workers in Nagpur region. Similarly prevalence in healthy female population is also low. Targeted intervention among the risk group is effective measure in decreasing the hepatitis B infection rate.